Thermo-Dynamic Society

From the general and historical perspective in the definition of speed , let's have a look at the final two options: Velocity ( v ) or rather speed is now defined as distance by time or d / t , and measured in km/h , m/s , mph or something equivalent. Wikipedia : " Italian physicist Galileo Galilei is usually credited with being the first to measure speed by considering the distance covered and the time it takes. Galileo defined speed as the distance covered per unit of time. In equation form, that is v=d/t " However, I suppose Roman legions , comparing troop movements, and even ice age hunters used similar equations - it's a natural definition for a sentient being, at once a predator and prey , to cover movement in time and space , and defining it by the relation of distance to time . Speed , defined as distance by time or d/t , increases with distance and decreases with time . This worked for eons; we instinctively appreciate speed th...

I have written about my misgivings about the original, now somewhat discarded, 150 year old definition of entropy - and its consequences . Those consequences being, in part: The inability to come to grips with reality without throwing exception after exception , having to define such a thing as " negative " entropy to describe something positive , and getting into contradiction after contradiction and argument after argument when trying to define physical processes and conditions. What , for instance, correctly and unequivocally defines thermodynamic closure? What are the universal conditions for the Second Law of Thermodynamics ? How is entropy defined at low temperatures? At the beginning of the universe? And so on. The original definition My take is that things would have been and would be different, in the general concept of the world, if Rudolf Clausius had defined entropy the other way around; not S=Q/T      ( Q...

360 Degrees The partitioning of time and space into 360 steps Partitioning a whole into 360 degrees / 60 minutes with a compass and a ruler as universal instruments for the division of space and time The partitioning of a full circle as a representative of the whole into 360 degrees goes back to Babylonian times of farming and simple technology  - 5000 years ago, around 3000 BC to 300 BC. Our current decimal number system is based on the number 10; their numerical system was based on the number 60 . In those days, the emphasis was not , as it is today, on arbitrarily precise mathematics, but on those principally so; it was not about calculations ( these were then neither possible nor needed ), but about division and construction of artifacts with available aids . Within simple life, symmetry, dividing evenly, and fair and correct sharing, are of big, if not existential importance. Since reality itself is but an approxim...

The Mystery of the Egyptian Pyramids - Solved? Some personal views and comments on the Egyptian pyramids. Everyone wonders how the Egyptian pyramids were built. On the other hand, why does nobody ask how the ancient south American temple pyramids were built? This probably is because these have an open outer stairway . Although this doesn't really change much, it makes everything seem obvious. Who says that the ancient Egyptian pyramids didn't? Or to put it differently: Why were the Egyptian pyramids built in the first place? Just an Idea... :-)   The Egyptian pyramids were built not from the bottom up , but rather from the inside out . By the way, has anyone ever walked once around an Egyptian pyramid on one of the tiers, to check if it is indeed a step and not a spiral? That would be the "ramp". Not that this needs to be; but it would make things easier, it seems. So here ...

[13] previous     /     first slide To summarize the self-organizing creative effec t of matter via its own gravity one final time: Due to its very own property of " gravity ", matter in the universe mutually attracts and accumulates itself in confined spaces, leaving nothing or emptiness behind. Thus, on the one hand, it concentrates empty space (regardless of whether this expands , contracts , or neither ); and on the other hand, matter transforms itself by nuclear reaction , in its resulting centers of gravity , over time with exponentially increasing speed, raising the number of elements from just a few to the count of about 100 which are known to us; then it scatters these explosively into empty space again. These new elements then condense themselves into new (if smaller) centers of gravity , where, by chemical reaction , millions of different molecules are formed, with variants and mixtures; from these, if possible, living tis...

[12] previous     /     next slide C. The laws of thermodynamics , which govern movement through heat and heat through movement, apply universally in time and space. However, they apply only if it actually is a thermodynamic process, where mass and energy are preserved - in nuclear processes, for instance, they are not . Where applicable, these laws state that - contrary to the former concepts of ideal , eternal , reversible mechanics ( action = reaction ) - processes in reality do not proceed without a loss . The universe is not symmetrical ; as stated, it is directed , especially in terms of time . All (esp. all thermodynamic) operations, especially all processes of life , are deficitary and irreversible . These inevitable losses must be compensated for, before they even arise. Since material thermodynamics cannot function in the negative , with less than nothing, their losses must be overcome by a surplus in advance , fo...

[11] previous     /     next slide B. The second law of thermodynamics is in force everywhere and always . Any thermodynamic work process - and every economic process is necessarily thermodynamic , since matter is always moved under the participation of entropy and energy - contains a necessary , inevitable loss . However, this loss is not reflected in the economic balance sheets, except as a price for resources ; and even then only as the cost of thermodynamics , i. e. as the costs for their procurement . If there are no resources there, then there is no profit to be made in mining; but the resources themselves are always free, be they oil, ore, or moving air (the reversal of this view states that the nonexistent price of a resource does not reflect the cost of providing it). At the beginning of every economic chain, something therefore is for free - and this something is created by gravity , and is provided for free of ch...

[10] previous     /     next slide A. Creation, physically speaking , is a directed , dynamic , continuous process from the beginning to the end of all time - of which humans are just a temporary , local expression ; but in being so they are still, like everything else, from the galaxy to to the atom, created in the likeness of Creation - or of the Creator , if God is accepted to be greater than his human visualization . The existence , the shape and the dynamics of the universe, including its conscious content , is based on rules which have been portrayed in various creation myths - especially in the biblical one - which, most likely, were shaped by observations ; most notably those of creation through order , and of order through separation . This arranging , separating and creating force is continuously (!) active as " gravity ", in every second and for all eternity ; if not, and wherever not, the structure of the universe would ...

[9] previous     /     next slide To make matters worse, there may have been a tactical error made - explicitly only possibly made - in the since then revised definition of entropy of 1865 that itself was never revised; and, to this day, may prevent the equation to be solved in reality . This may result in an inability to theoretically describe the initial state of the universe correctly, especially on the point that order can arise from chaos - which the history of the universe, as far as we know it, does show. After all, beyond any creed, the question of all questions is: What created, purely physically created, from of a cold, dark, swirling cloud of dust, complex humans on a tiny glowing liquid drop of matter in empty space, orbiting the nuclear furnace of a star - and what keeps them there alive? It cannot be their own harvest work ; for that is minute in comparison, and relies on an external supply. Life cannot create its own ...

[8] previous     /     next slide 3) Within science itself , ever since 1850 , the modern world view failed to apply its newly- found laws of thermodynamics to existence as a whole , not just to particular processes. For if every thermodynamic process needs a source and a sink to level out the potential between these two, but cannot produce that potential precisely because of this, then the origin of all sources and sinks cannot be thermodynamic (this would violate the prohibition of a perpetuum mobile ). How, then, did energy and movement come about in the universe? As long as God could be taken as the external, non-physical source of all being, all events, all life, order and creation, there was nothing to think about; the omnipotence of God was the answer and solution to every paradox. However, when science itself came up with the demand for a purely scientific, secular view of the world, it became in need of a different explana...